What type of analysis helps a business understand "how" or "why" a certain outcome occurred?

The correct answer focuses on qualitative analysis, which provides insights into the underlying reasons and motivations behind outcomes. While quantitative analysis is essential for measuring data and identifying patterns, it primarily emphasizes numbers and statistical relationships, often lacking the depth to explain "how" or "why" something happened. Qualitative analysis, on the other hand, examines non-numeric data such as opinions, experiences, and feelings, which can shed light on the factors influencing results. This type of analysis typically involves methods like interviews, focus groups, or open-ended surveys, allowing for a deeper exploration of contextual factors.

SWOT analysis, while useful for assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, does not inherently focus on understanding the causative factors of specific outcomes. Similarly, sensitivity analysis helps in evaluating how different variables affect a particular outcome but is more about forecasting and predicting changes rather than providing insights into the reasons behind a current outcome. Therefore, the capability of qualitative analysis to delve into the narrative aspects of data makes it an invaluable tool for businesses seeking to grasp the complexities behind their results.